(Abstracts only: check again soon for full text)
Review of the Psychometric
Properties of the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Peggy A. McGovern
Mercer University
(Abstracts only: check again soon for full text)
This work is a critical review of the psychometric
properties of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). A general
background of the MBTI, Myers' theory, and Jung's theory are presented.
The author examines the validity and reliability of the MBTI,
attempting to reconcile the conflicting research. It is concluded
that there are specific problems concerning the construct and
content validity of the indicator, while the predictive validity
is found moderately acceptable. The reliability is also found
to have marginal acceptability, and it is shown that continuous
scores produce greater reliability than do type-category scores.
It is further concluded that the problems found with aspects of
the validity and the scoring are due to the inconsistencies between
Myers' theory and Jung's theory.
Author Notes
An earlier version of this paper satisfied some requirements for
a History and Systems course. The author would like to express
appreciation to Dr. Francis C. Dane for comments on earlier drafts
of the manuscript. Correspondence concerning this article should
be addressed to Peggy A. McGovern, 1092 Northumberland Court,
West Palm Beach, FL, 33414. Electronic mail may be sent to [email protected].
The literature regarding the evidence and
theories underlying the mechanism of action of carbamazepine (CBZ),
which may be involved in various psychiatric disorders, is explored.
The primary sites of CBZ action in the brain do not only result
in attenuation of the motoric, somatosensory and affective components
of paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmias, but also allow for CBZ to
serve as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. The attenuation
of brain activity produced by CBZ suggests a common brain substrate
between epileptic and psychiatric disorders including, but not
limited to mania, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourettes
syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder.
Author Notes
The author thanks Drs. L. Jensen, Joel E. Morgan, Susan T. Taylor,
Thomas Walsh and Robert Stackman for their time and suggestions
to strengthen this manuscript. Robin and Dan Calcagnetti also
contributed improvements via their discussions of brain activity
and drug effects. Author to whom correspondence and requests for
reprints should be addressed: Mr. Jonathan A. Morgan, 50 Thompson
Street, Apt #3, Raritan, NJ 08869.
The relations between study habits, sleep,
stress, and academic performance were investigated. Aspects of
study habits identified were study environment, time management,
and strategies for learning. Good study habits were expected to
yield higher academic performance and allow for more sleep. Sleep
was expected to result in lower stress and higher academic performance.
University undergraduates (N = 51) from 3 introductory chemistry
sections completed a survey assessing these factors. Results indicated
that time management and strategies for learning, but not study
environment, were associated with higher academic performance.
Subjective measures of sleep (i.e. perceived amount of restorative
sleep) predicted higher academic achievement and lower stress,
but objective measures of sleep (i.e. reported hours of sleep)
did not. Discussion focuses on the interplay of factors influencing
achievement, and on the ways that students can improve academic
performance.
Author Note
Eileen E. Han, Inna D. Rivkin (co-author and faculty sponsor),
Shelley E. Taylor, faculty sponsor, Department of Psychology,
University of California, Los Angeles. Author to whom correspondence
and requests for reprints should be addressed: Inna D. Rivkin,
Graduate Mailroom, UCLA, Department of Psychology Box 951563,
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563. Email may be sent to [email protected].
For quite some time, human figure drawings
(HFDs) have been used in the field of psychology. HFDs have both
projective (personality) and non-projective (developmental and
intellectual maturity) aspects. Because it is not a validated
measure, the psychological community is unable to agree on its
effectiveness as a diagnostic tool. Each position has its own
merits. It is left up to each clinician to decide upon the use
of HFDs in his or her own practice.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Mr. Alan W. Brue, 2006 NW 55th Ave., Apt. H-5, Gainesville,
FL 32653-2103, [email protected].
According to evolutionary theory among mammals, females make the
greatest parental investment and, consequently, bear the greatest
risk when mating is considered. Among humans, males and females
use particular gender-defined strategies in mating. Undergraduate
students (n = 81 females, n = 39 males) completed surveys focusing
on how they presented themselves during dating. It was found that
both genders exaggerate traits at approximately the same rate;
however, the type of trait targeted for exaggeration is highly
gender specific. Males tend to deceive about their finances and
commitment to a long-term relationships, while females deceive
about their physical attributes. These results support the hypothesis
of gender differences in deception during dating.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Dr. Julian Paul Keenan, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Medical School Kirstein 452, 330 Brookline Avenue,
Boston, MA 02215.
The Attraction-Selection-Assimilation (ASA) model of organizational
climate was investigated by seeing how personality variables (extraversion,
neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) affected
reactions to organizational climates (Autocratic versus Participative)
in a recruitment situation. A total of 73 students (n = 26 men
and n = 47 women) from a large Midwestern university voluntarily
participated in the study. Each of the participants read 1 of
2 company descriptions (Autocratic or Participative) and then
filled out 3 questionnaires. The first questionnaire related to
a company's climate, the second was the NEO 5-Factor Inventory,
and the final form was a job elements inventory. The results support
a contextualist perspective of climate. Personality variables
prime individuals to perceive and select organizational climates
in which they will have a high probability of succeeding.
Author Note
Please direct all correspondence and requests for reprints to:
Daniel J. Svyantek, Ph.D. Psychology Department, The University
of Akron, Akron,OH 44325-4301. Phone (330) 972-6705, [email protected].
This research investigated the effects of an organizational change
effort to create a new management philosophy at a large petrochemical
company. The use of new behaviors modeling this new management
philosophy by division or departmental level managers had a greater
effect on lower-level employee's performance of these behaviors
than did their immediate supervisors' modeling of these behaviors.
It was found that the opportunity to use the behaviors was essential
in the adoption of these behaviors among lower-level employees.
The perceived efficacy of the behaviors, however, was not a significant
predictor of these behaviors. These results are interpreted as
supporting organizational culture as a major moderator of the
impact of organizational transformation efforts.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Frances L. H. Svyantek, 454 Woodrow St., Akron,
OH 44303-1941, phone (330) 867-9407.
It is unclear what factors might influence the recovery from Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). In the present study, 45 participants
represent 3 groups: patients who had recovered from CFS (Recovered),
patients who had not recovered from CFS (Non-recovered), and a
non-CFS control group (Healthy). Participants were given psychosocial
measures that tapped optimism, coping behaviors, stress, support,
and fatigue levels. Analyses show no significant differences between
groups on measures of optimism, stress, and social support, although
a few significant differences were noted on measures of fatigue
and coping. Not surprisingly, those who had recovered from CFS
had less fatigue and spent less time focusing on symptoms than
those who had not recovered. Those who had recovered in comparison
to Healthy controls, more often used positive reinterpretation
and growth strategies, and thus, may have benefitted from the
experience of being ill in some ways. The findings are consistent
with what would be expected for persons dealing with a chronic
illness.
Author Notes
Financial support for this study was provided by NIAID grant number
AI36295. Requests for reprints should be sent to Leonard A. Jason,
Ph.D., Department of Psychology, DePaul University, 2219 N. Kenmore,
Chicago, IL 60613.
With such a wide variety of developmental theories in existence,
is it possible that they might all share some core fundamental
concepts? This is exactly what Ken Wilber proposes in his book
entitled, A Brief History of Everything. In this book Wilber states
that "although the actual details and the precise meanings
of that developmental sequence are still hotly debated...(there)
are orienting generalizations (which) show us with a great deal
of agreement, where the important forests are located even if
we can't agree on how many trees they contain" (Wilber, 1996,
p. 18). If this is true, then it will be possible to find his
proposed fulcrums of development embedded in the developmental
theories of other theorists, such as Freud, Sullivan, Allport,
Erikson, and Wade.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Ms. MaryBeth Chaoussoglou, 17 Lenart Place, Hopewell
Jct., NY 12533.
Hermeneutics is defined as the art and science of interpretation
(as it applies to text or concepts). Knowledge of how to apply
this thought strategy can enable an individual to more successfully
communicate and be understood by others. This method allows for
expanding the depths of communicating participants to strive for,
and perhaps reach, valuable insights. The "interior world"
(as opposed to the external world) is what underlies the essence
of human existence. Given a rigorous hermeneutical approach, a
human can gain an understanding of the interior of another. The
"Left Hand and Right Hand Paths" of the Quadrant Model
proposed by Ken Wilber are discussed in the context of creating
a better way to conceptualize about interpretation and communication
in the context of rational and transrational (mystical) ways of
knowing.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Ms. Dana M. Pfeil, 824 Boesel Ave, Manville, NJ
08835
Methcathinone is a synthesized derivative from cathinone, an alkaloid
of Khat shrub (Catha edulis Forsk). This stimulant drug is an
antidepressant and appetite suppressant, but is mainly consumed
for its and euphoric effects. While widespread abuse of this substance
has not yet become epidemic in the U.S., it represents a significant
substance abuse problem in the former Soviet Union. This review
article examines the history and the effects of the use of methcathinone
and the consequences of its misuse while considering how to prevent
methcathinone from becoming the next high profile drug of abuse
in the U.S.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Mr. Hubert "Hap" Moran, 558 Kenwood Place,
Teaneck, NJ 07666-1650.
Methcathinone is a drug of abuse that has been used mainly outside
the United States for over two decades. Given the street name
"cat", methcathinone is a derivative of the naturally-occurring
psychomotor stimulant, cathinone. Use of methcathinone in the
U.S. was first recorded in the late 1980s, and is spreading. This
work is a review of recent experimentation using rodents and primates
to determine the effects of methcathinone on various somatic systems
as well as the potential for abuse, toxicity and lethality. The
themes are to review evidence for pharmacological blockade and
assess the relevance of empirical results for human drug users.
Author Note
Author to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should
be addressed: Mr. Gilbert A. Nicholas, 107 Washington Dr., Watchung,
NJ 07060.
Salutations! The student editors of THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
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JPBS Volume 12, 1998
JPBS is an annual periodical published by the
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and graduate journal student officers coordinated by the current
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